Supplemental Online Material

Figure S1: Chemical structure of PenAAc and Schematic representation of PenAAc film fabrication. Figure S2: Performance metrics of PSCs with varying concentrations of PenAAc, including PCE, FF, Jsc, and Voc. Figure S3: Hysteresis comparison between the control PSC and the PSC with PenAAc. Figure S4: EQE spectra and corresponding calculated 〖 E〗_g^ip values. Figure S5: Efficiency over time for the control PSC versus the PSC with PenAAc. Table S1: Photovoltaic parameters of devices using PenAAc in concentrations ranging from 0 to 3 mmol/L. Table S2: Fitted electronic parameters derived from EIS data. Note S1.