Supplemental Material

Supplemental descriptions of the simulation model (Section S1); Detailed descriptions of the potentials in the coarse-grained (CG) model (Section S2); Derivations of the electrostatic potentials inside the nanopores (Section S3); Descriptions of different walking patterns in the entire walking process (Section S4); Parameters employed in the simulation model (Tables S1 and S2); Parameters included in the CG model-matched potentials (Table S3); Indices of the arrival and departure nanopores in each walking step (Table S4); Simulation results shown in the main paper (Tables S5 and S6); Comparisons between the theoretical and NLPB model-based electrostatic potentials in various nanopores (Figure S1); Free energy landscapes corresponding to different walking patterns (Figure S2); Theoretical calculation results of the reverse walking probabilities (Figure S3) and the durations (Figure S4) in walking steps II and III.