Supplement Number 5

FIG. S5. Six types of P clusters on the Cd(0001) surface. (a-f) Optimized structures of a P dimer, a closed P trimer, a closed P tetramer, an opened P tetramer, a tetrahedral P4, and a closed P pentamer, respectively. The yellow balls represent Cd atoms and the purple balls represent P atoms. (g) Summary of the formation energies.