Supplement Fig. S2

Time-of-flight results using EMI-DCA at Vem of 2500 and 0 V for the CEM bias voltage of (a) −1.6 kV and (b) −1.8 kV. The results indicate that the proportion of monomers and dimers is approximately 90%, demonstrating a similar trend in ion compositions to our previous study with EMI-DCA when using a high-speed amplifier [1]. [1] K. Matsukawa, Y. Nakashima, M. Naemura, and Y. Takao, J Electr. Propuls. 2, 23 (2023).